Abstract: This paper examines the interpretation and implementation of the “peaceful purposes” clause as it applies to military activities in outer space, analyzing its legal and political implications within the framework of international space law. The term “peaceful purposes” has long served as a cornerstone in treaties like the Outer Space Treaty (1967), designed to promote the peaceful use of outer space. However, ambiguities in its interpretation have led to diverging views among states, particularly as space activities increasingly intersect with military interests. This study investigates how the peaceful purposes principle has been interpreted in key legal instruments, evaluates how it applies to various military uses of outer space, and assesses the implications of these interpretations for international security and space governance. By examining recent state practices, doctrinal perspectives, and multilateral negotiations, the paper highlights the tension between the principle of non-aggression and the militarization of space, offering insights into potential pathways for legal reform and cooperation. The findings suggest that while the concept of “peaceful purposes” is rooted in non-hostile use, evolving geopolitical dynamics and technological advancements are challenging its application, necessitating clearer legal frameworks to balance national security interests with the pursuit of a sustainable and peaceful outer space environment.

Key words: peaceful purposes, outer space treaty, military activities in space