Abstract:  The objective of this study is to identify the requirements of access to space for the future, the required methodology, key technologies and international cooperation mode. Firstly, the mission requirements and the challenges of current technologies to access to space are analyzed and summarized. The solutions and related key technologies to realize large-scale and low-cost access to space (L2AS) are presented here, including the low-cost design of expendable launch vehicles and a reusable space transportation system, interface standardization, and new conceptual launchers. The mission modes based on launch vehicles to realize L2AS and three future international collaboration modes are presented. Lastly, the relevant conclusions and suggestions are given.

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